Fabric.



No. 692,467. Patented Feb. 4, I902.

J. MUGNIER.

FABRIC.

(Application filed May 28, 1901.)

(No Model.)

WITNESSES: IZVEAH'OR. V W

A TTOHNE Y3 N D, STATES ENT, OFFICE.

JOSEPH MUGNIER, F LYONS, FRANCE;-

FABRIC.

srncmcarxonrormi g part of Letters'Patent 100,092,467, aatearetmtry' 4, 1902.

t uttaotmea May 28,1901. Serial No. 02,264." (K0 was...)

To all whom it may aoncem:

.Be it known that I, Josnrn MUGNIER, a citizen of France, residing at Ly0ns,-; France, have invented certain new anduseful Improvementsin Fabrics, of which thefollows for which I have made application. for patent in Great Britain on May 7, 1901, and in Francei on January 12, 1901, No. 307,000.

receiver by means of a flexible tube. .25

cut invention have the appearance of light fabrics-such as tulle, gauze, muslins, crape, &c.; but they diifer from them by their com-- position and mode of manufacture. The liquid employed forms .a thick and hot bath, which is introduced into a receptacle closing hermetically by means-of a screw-cover. The receptacle-:is' 'provided at its lower part with holes or drawing-apertures, through which the liquid escapes in the form'of very fine threads. The flow is determined by air-pressure, preferably hot, pressed upon the liquid by means of apump placed in communication with the leaving thereceptacle the hot liquid, which flows in the form of threads, is acted upon by the external cold air, which immediately hardens it. It then assumes a consistence in proportion as evaporation is e'ifected. The dimensions of the receptacle, as also the number of the draw-holes therein, will vary according to requirements. The diameter of the latter will vary according to the size desired to be given to the threads. v i

. In order to obtain the fabric, I use an' apparatus which can be arranged-in the manneras represented'in the accompanying d raw ings.

Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of the apparatus. Fig. 2 represents a plan view of the apparatus working the fabric in the dimension of length. Fig.3 is a plan view of the same working the fabric in the dimension of width.

The fabric is produced on a light. frame a, supported by carriage b, which rolls on rails c. On frame a are fine threads 2', spread in the direction of its width and in spaces of one or five centimeters, according to the nature of the fabric which has to be obtained. The

vessel d, containing the, viscous liquid,is supported by a carriage e, rolling on rails j, which the fabric to be increased at will.

are arranged transversely above the frame" a. It can also pivot on itself in such a mannera's to be placed in the two rectangular positions,

Figs. 2 and'3. Compressed air is furnished 1 been placed transversely to the frame a; ,The' The fabrics forming the object of the pres-.

latter is put in motion inthe direction of the varrow, and the threads are laid down on it parallel in the longitudinal direction: Each time that this'operation is "repeatedthe vessel 01 has to be advanced until the threads have been deposited upon thewhole width which has to be given to the fabric. Thereupon the vessel dis pivotedvso that it is placed parallel to frame a, Fig. '3, and a trans verse to-and-fro motion is imparted to it,- while at the same timethc frame a is madeto advance with each backwartf-and-forward movement so far as to equal the Widthof the width of the fabric, so that the loops h h,w hich are formed by the changes of direction, remain on the outside and can easily be re moved after the operation.

Many layers of threads can-be superposed, thus enabling the thickness and-strength of d The framing can be jointed, so as to form a parallelogram, thus when the layers are depositeden abling the form to be changed by making lozenge shaped meshes of greater or less length in imitation of the meshes tulle or other open-work fabric. When evaporation is complete, a fabric is obtained which is light, flexible, glossy, and may be finer than those ob-. tained by the aid of textile materials employed in'manufactures. The fabric is removed with- ;out difiicnlty, the adhesion on the threads of the framing being'obviated by a fatty body with which they are slightly covered.

The process can also be applied to the decoto filace the piece of material to be decorated or nished on a framing and to distribute the liquid upon the, said material, as above ex-.

plained. Thus a new fabric is obtained, as 5 the threads added by this process to the fab rlc it is desired to decorate transform the latto: by giving it a completely-different appearanee from that which it first bad. This transformation is also increased if various colors to are deposited at the same time, which can be obtained by causing several receptacles suppliedwith dillerently-colored' liquids to work simultaneously. The obtaining oi. designs is thus reduced to the arrangement to be given is relatively to the draw-holes.

The bat-h employed is principallycom posed of, vegetable substances soluble in hot or boiling water, producing a thick mucilage, which becomes a stifl jelly on cooling. These subso stances should have after evaporation when they have been converted into fabrics both strengthiand flexibility. They are chosen from mucilages extracted from various lichens, such. as lichenin, from the gelatinous principles which exist in the fleshy parts olvarious plants, in' fruits, and certain roots denominated pectine, in extract of carrageenyin cerasin, or principle of gums insolu-' his in :cold water, in the extracts of J afna,

3o 'Java,or Ceylon moss, gelatinous principle derived from, various algae, denominated celose by Payen and known in commerce by the names of agar-agar, haithas, J apanesegum, the.

Various efiects naturally result from mixtures and "combinations made by means of the substances above mentioned with respect to flexibility, solidity, appearance of the filaments, and their production. It is essential when these or other similar substances have been converted into jelly by means of hot or boiling water to rework this jelly if it has not the desiredconsistency, to wash it carefully. with cold water to expel from it the part which issoluble in'a cold state, and to then press it in order to leave in it only the water nry for its use. Other substances can also beadded to the bath. Casein and gluten give thickness and facilitate the operation of dyeing- Isinglass, gelatin, and other glues give strengthto the fabric. Glycerin gives it flexibility. Certain salts, suchas-borax, facilitate the transformation of the bath into threads. All-these results and others which cannot'be noted belong to the domain of the practical workman.

The following bath may be employed at the temperature of 70: A solution in hot water is prepared of well-washed gelose, containing live to six per cent. of the latter. To this is added from three to four per cent. of borax, one and a-half per cent. of gluten disubmitted to a simple washing.

with each other.

luted in three times its weight ofalcohol, and one per cent. of gelatin and as much glycerin. The dyeing is obtained by adding to the viscous bath soluble coloring materials or ground non-soluble powders. Dyeing may also be done in the piece. The piece desired to be dyed is wound uponan open-work cylinder. It is placed bet een two very light cloths previously coated ith a spirit varnish. Then it is plunged for several hours in water. It is submitted to this washing-with a view to expel from the fabric the soluble bodies which might injure its solidity or interfere with the dyeing process. The piece;

is then passed, it required, into a bath con taining a mordant, then into the*dye-bath. If the piece is not to receive any color, it is An arrangement which has some importance consists in placing on the cylinder and between the two cloths several pieces of the new fabric one on another and in contact After the drying which follows the operations of washingand dyeing these pieces, whatever may be their number, will become attached to each other, so as to form only a single fabric. Fabric or textile 1 materials forming designs or other substances insoluble in cold water may also be placed in the center of the pieces to be connected to- 'gether, thus enabling various efiects to be produced. By these means the improved fabric after its manufacture can be given what- 5 ever strength, thickness, or appearance it may be desired to obtain.

For the drying the piece is unwound upon a suitable surface, keeping it until completely dried between the two open-work cloths between which ithas been placed.

This new fabric maybe employed in millinery for trimming hats and other ornaments for robes, doc.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-- 1 1. As an article of manufacture, a fabric consisting of a plurality of threads of a viscous liquid secured together solely by the no natural visconsness of the material before drying, substantially as described.

2. A fabric consisting of a plurality of threads of a viscous liquid secured together solely by the natural viscousness of the material beforo drying, and combined with another layer of fabric, substantially as described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two witnesses.

JOSEPH MUGNIER.

Vitnesses:

GASTON JEAUNIAUX, MARIN VACHON. 

